Abstract № 6 (86) 2020
SOCIUM
Kasyanova T.I., Voronina L.I. Employment and elderly citizens’ readiness for training in the context of digitalization: state, problems, prospects // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 7—16. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-07-16.
Abstract
Introduction. In the structure of the population of Russia, the proportion of older people is increasing, but the duration of the economically active working life of this age category is less than in some European countries. Many elderly Russians having an active life position want and can work. Most of them have a high level of professional education and qualifications, experience, and yet many are not in demand on the labor market, because they do not have enough digital skills.
The purpose of this article is to study the situation with employing elderly citizens, identify factors that determine successful mastering information and digital technologies on the bases of the results of retraining and advanced training.
Methods. The authors of the article analyze the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation’s constituent entities (national programs and projects), study the content of the government bodies’ websites, including public employment departments, educational organizations, statistical data are used to assess the state of senior citizens’ employment and education, the authors carry out an empirical study with a survey.
Scientific novelty of the study. The authors identify factors that affect the elderly citizens’ employment in industries where digital technologies are actively introduced; point out the factors that positively impact successful elderly citizens’ education. It has been proved that in order to obtain a positive learning outcome, not only the legal and organizational conditions created by the state are required, but also the presence of an educational strategy among the elderly people themselves, an element of which is the development of information and digital technologies.
The results of the study make it possible to realize the main problems that hinder employment and training, as well as to predict some trends regarding the position of older people in the new realities of the digital economy.
Key concepts:
senior citizens,
employment,
training,
digitalization
Power
Mukhametov R.S. Collective portrait of the leaders of regional branches of parliamentary political parties (on the example of the subjects of the Ural Federal District) // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 17—28. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-17-28.
Abstract
Introduction. In the political science literature, there are several main approaches that explain the weakness of the political parties’ institution in Russia. These concepts point to reasons that are outside political parties. This study attempts to link the low status of political parties in Russia with the quality of party top management, in particular, with the parties’ regional leaders (United Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia). The purpose of the study is to create a collective portrait of the heads of regional branches of parliamentary political parties.
Methods. The identification of elites in this work is carried out within the framework of the positional approach. The main method for collecting and analyzing data is the biographical approach.
Scientific novelty. An additional explanatory model of the weakness of political parties’ institution in Russia is proposed - the quality of party leadership. The factors influencing the internal party processes are considered.
Results. A comparative analysis of the social and professional characteristics of the leaders of the parties’ regional branches, as well as their career trajectories is carried out. The average statistical portrait of the regional leaders of parliamentary parties is revealed.
Conclusions. The head of the party’s regional branch is a middle-aged man with a higher technical education who has not served in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is a native of the deputy corps or the business community.
Key concepts:
political parties,
United Russia,
Communist Party,
LDPR,
A Just Russia,
regional elite,
party elite,
collective portrait
Langinen A.V. Sparsely populated and rural areas in the United Kingdom: measures to solve governance challenges // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 29—39. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-29-39.
Abstract
Introduction. The problems of state and local governance in sparsely populated and rural areas is relevant for the Russian Federation due to the presence of depressed areas, depopulation of the countryside, small towns, monotowns, migration of the rural population to large cities, regional capitals, other regions and abroad. These processes are typical for many other modern states. Solving the problems of rural and sparsely populated areas includes providing socially significant services, protecting the health and safety of residents, developing education, creating and maintaining social infrastructure, and creating jobs. The purpose of the article is to identify the most important management problems in rural and sparsely populated areas and reveal possible solutions to these problems using the example of Great Britain.
Methods. The research is based on a systematic approach to management in rural and sparsely populated areas. Analysis of factual data, legal sources, published survey results, foreign Internet sources. Comparative analysis of problems and measures of state policy in different states. Scientific novelty of the research. The author highlights the current measures taken in the UK at the central, local levels in order to overcome the problems of rural and sparsely populated areas. These activities as a basis for developing practical recommendations may be important for solving similar problems in Russian regions, including in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and economic problems in the near future.
Results. As a result the author identifies problems in the field of management in rural and sparsely populated and hard-to-reach areas, as well as possible directions of state policy in the UK and Russia to overcome these problems.
Conclusions. The most important direction of state policy for solving the problems highlighted in the study is the development of local interests of the community, the integration of state support measures and local events. As measures aimed at solving social and infrastructural problems of sparsely populated areas in the UK, one can single out government programs implemented at the national and regional levels with the participation of industrial enterprises and businesses, a grant mechanism for the implementation of financial support, combined with the empowerment of local communities. There is no such policy in Russia yet.
Key concepts:
The United Kingdom,
rural areas,
sparsely populated areas,
services,
community,
measures to solve governance challenges
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
Dobrolyubova E.I., Yuzhakov V.N. Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 40—54. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-40-54.
Abstract
Introduction. Improving control and supervisory activities on the basis of introducing risk-oriented approaches is an urgent area of public administration reforms both in Russia and abroad. Traditionally, assessing the effectiveness of this area is carried out on the basis of the state control intensity indicators (the number of inspections), and assessing risks in controlled areas is carried out on the basis of statistical indicators, partially dependent on state control bodies. To obtain a balanced assessment of the state control effectiveness and efficiency, it is important to take into account other data sources reflecting the citizens’ and the business community position.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance on the basis of both statistical data and the results of sociological studies reflecting the position of citizens and business.
Methods. The authors suggest their own methods for comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of state control.
The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, taking into account various data sources and making it possible to assess the progress of implementing the reform of state control in this area.
Results. The results of the study indicate, in general, an increase in the effectiveness and budgetary efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance over the last years of the reform implementation. At the same time, at the level of intermediate and immediate results, there are multidirectional trends, and the growth in the total costs of business and the state is ahead of the growth in the results achieved.
Conclusions. The use of the authors’ comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of state control makes it possible to obtain reliable data characterizing the actual state of things in the area under consideration. Further improving the efficiency and effectiveness of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance requires expanding the scope of applying risk-oriented approaches and improving the quality of considering the appeals of the citizens who faced with risks of wrongdoing.
Key concepts:
public administration,
control and supervisory activities,
effectiveness,
sanitary and epidemiological surveillance,
sociological research,
efficiency
Tereshchuk E.A. Measuring the efficiency of organizational culture in the context of personnel management // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 55—66. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-55-66.
Abstract
Introduction. The article is focused on possibilities of measuring the efficiency of organizational culture, which is relevant when planning and justifying the expenditures for personnel management. The aim of the study is to formulate an algorithm of actions which makes it possible to move from assessing the existing organizational culture to assessing the expected economic effects from measures to maintain or develop it.
Methods. In the course of the research, the methods of comparative analysis, system analysis, functional analysis, desk research were used.
Scientific novelty. In works devoted to measuring organizational culture, the emphasis is made on diagnosing its state, its features in any specific organizations, recorded, as a rule, on the basis of a number of well-known author’s methods. Researches on HR analytics and practical recommendations are focused on building a system of HR metrics and identifying their correlation with an organization economic performance in order to see solutions - “insights” in human resource management. At the same time, there are no works reflecting the relationship between the characteristics of organizational culture and the expected economic effects of its functioning, which would justify the necessity of expenditures for managing organizational culture for each specific organization. The article describes the possibility of transition from measuring the culture characteristics to the indicator of return on investment in human capital.
Conclusions. The practice of assessing the economic efficiency of decisions related to the expenditures
for organizational culture is accompanied by a number of difficulties in justifying the expected results. In our opinion, the variant of measuring the effectiveness of organizational culture described in the article has the right to exist. It should be noted that the correlations between culture indicators, HR metrics and economic effects can vary for different organizations, which is established empirically by observing changes in all indicators and their relationships over time.
Key concepts:
organizational culture,
diagnostics of organizational culture,
HR metrics,
economic efficiency,
personnel Management
CULTURE
Gulevataya A.N., Milyaeva E.G., Penner R.V., Suleimanova S.A. Philosophical walk: from antiquity to modern times // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 67—78. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-67-78.
Annotation
Introduction. In the history of philosophy we find a lot of philosophical practices that can be implemented in the university environment for students and outside the university for a wide audience. The Philosophical Walk is one of such practices. During a walk philosophy can become truly humane, turn to a person, his world, and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the potential of a philosophical walk as a way of philosophical practice, a format of a modern person’s self-knowledge and the implementation of self-care, available to a wide range of people without special philosophical education.Methods The research is based on the comparative historical method, the method of interpreting the texts of philosophical primary sources and the systematic approach. The study presents and analyzes an experiment in the context of which residents of a large city go on a philosophical walk in order to take care of themselves.
Scientific novelty of the research. In theoretical terms, philosophical walk is conceptualized. In practical terms, the analysis of the effectiveness of a philosophical walk as a way of a large city resident’s self-care is carried out.
Results. A philosophical walk is a form of group philosophical practice, in the context of which the participants become guided (literally and figuratively,) by the facilitator. In the summer of 2020, the authors of the article organized a series of walks, each of which was attended by 8 to 12 people who had not have direct contact with philosophy in their everyday life, in the educational and professional spheres. In September 2020, the participants of the walks were offered a questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions. According to the respondents’ answers, a general picture of the effectiveness of a philosophical walk as a form of self-care for a modern metropolis resident was drawn.
Conclusions. We understand the philosophical walk as a kind of “place”, a space of calm and harmony for a person of the XXI century. A resident of a big city lives in constant noise. The events of 2020 have increased the noise and accompanying stress. A philosophical walk, in turn, within the boundaries of the same city creates an atmosphere for a person to meet with himself. With the help of an external plan (forest environment, clean air, sounds of nature) and a philosophical plan (concentration over the text, dialogue with a philosopher and a group), the meeting participant can formulate the life-meaning questions that concern him and start looking for answers.
Key concepts:
philosophy,
philosophical walk,
philosophical practice,
philosophical education,
philosophizing
Bogdanova V.O. Didactic potential of comics // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 79—87. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-79-87.
Abstract
In the article, the author analyzes the conditions for a subject’s existence in the post-informational society, which lead to forming a new style of thinking in the younger generation, functioning outside the textocentric paradigm. The author raises the actual problem of the education system, since it is impossible to build a successful learning process without meeting the demands of the time, without taking into account the peculiarities of perceiving the world by modern people. In the youth environment, the screen (clip) style of thinking has long prevailed, which in the process of cognition is based on visual images. In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that, responding to the new style of thinking, it is necessary to strive for a combination of methods of working with linear text and visual sources of information, to which a modern person is so receptive. This harmonious combination is provided by a comic strip with rich didactic potential. The article describes the positive aspects of using comics in the educational process and examines an example of using comics in philosophy classes.
Key concepts:
information,
textocentric culture,
clip thinking,
screen culture,
visual images,
comics
DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES
Davydov D.A. Unpredictable post-capitalism: subtraction and competition in the sphere of “personality production”// Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 6 (86). P. 88—99. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-88-99.
Abstract
The article develops the idea of forming postcapitalist social relations as a social revolution of an individual, which consists in the fact that popularity becomes a key advantage, the “possession” of which is a desired goal and a significant resource of political influence. At the same time, it is shown that this process leads to forming a new dominant stratum — personalities (“people with personality”): celebrities, popular bloggers, social media influencers, micro- and nanosignature. It is substantiated that the personaliat domination is a consequence of contradictory social relations between the new aristocracy represented by the representatives of the personaliat and many people who do not “possess” a popular personality - the impersonaliat (“extra people”, “lower” precariat, those who turn out to be outsiders in the world of social platforms). This contradiction is associated with the rooting of a celebrity’s culture, which encourages a lot of people to fight for popularity and focus on finding advantageous differences from others in the process of self-realization. However, this struggle in the end for the overwhelming majority turns into an increase in creative competition and subtraction. Various new forms of subtraction that appear in situations of widespread self-realization are revealed. Accordingly, arguments are given in favor of the fact that in the context of the “personality revolution”, the truly left will be rather an alternative that will call into question the ways of solving social problems formulated by popular personalities. In other words, it will be possible to oppose the total pursuit of popularity with the projects of society, in which the person is relied not as someone who rises above the others, but as an involved person who values life in harmony with others higher than his own “I”.
Key concepts:
post capitalism,
personality revolution,
personaliat,
capitalism,
socialism,
subtraction,
personality,
celebrity,
celebrities,
self-realization
