Abstract № 1 (81) 2020
SOCIUM
Belyaev A.V. Middle class and society’s intellectual potential // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). C. 7—18. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-07-18.
Abstract
Introduction. In sociology, the tendency of the middle class reduction, structural changes in its composition is mainly considered within the framework of socio-economic consequences: decline in production and taxation base, the increasing impact on the budget, the threat of weakening social stability, and derogation of faith in social justice. However, the process of reducing the middle class (in combination with a number of other factors) results in deeper destructions: decrease in the society’s intellectual potential, in the population’s de-qualification and deprofessionalization. The aim of the study is to describe the socio-psychological portrait of a middle class representative and to analyze the hypothesis of the scientific practicability of introducing the coefficient of inventive activity as one of the criteria for developing the society’s intellectual potential.
Methods. The author uses onthological analysis, generalization of independent characteristics, observation, comparative and contrasting comparison, balance method.
Scientific novelty of the study. The author proposes an additional criterion for evaluating a middle class representative: personal dignity as an indicator of moral and psychological identity, complying not only with consumption standards, but also with sample ideas about intellectual potential, personal self-sufficiency. The author considers the factors affecting the intellectual potential of society, on the processes of population’s de-qualification and shows that it is possible to use the coefficient of inventive activity as a tool for assessing the intellectual potential of society.
Results. The author makes a preliminary analysis of the socio-psychological destructions caused by the middle class reduction, points out the correlation dependence of the region’s population level of intellectual potential and the share of middle-class families.
Conclusions. The low level of salaries that does not make it possible for people employed in science and education to become part of the middle class, the reduction of small and medium-sized businesses, and the transfer of entrepreneurs to government institutions result in intellectual degradation of the society and de-qualification of a significant part of the workforce. In the context of a decline in the quality of professional education, it is necessary to search for new criteria to assess the intellectual potential of society.
Key concepts:
identification criteria,
dignity,
quality of education,
intellectual degradation,
coefficient of inventive activity
POWER
Kirchanov M.V. Politization of intellectuals in early post-Soviet societies (Georgian-Caucasian parallels) // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). C. 19—29. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-19-29.
Abstract
Introduction. The author analyses the phenomenon of politicization of intellectuals in the early post-Soviet societies of Georgia, Armenia, Abkhazia and Azerbaijan. It is assumed that during the Soviet period, humanitarians served the political regime, legitimating it ideologically and culturally. The aim of the study. The collapse of the USSR led to the liberalization of society, inspiring the politicization of intellectual communities. The author’s aim is to analyze two levels of politicization of intellectuals, including “responsibility” and “betrayal”.
Methods. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of intellectual communities’ studies proposed by Paul Baran and Edward Said, whose ideas can be transplanted into the contexts of the early post-Soviet history of the Caucasus.
Scientific novelty of the study. A new interpretation of the role of intellectuals, based on the analysis of original sources in Georgian, is proposed in the article.
Results. It is presumed that 1) the leaders of Armenia and Abkhazia during the Soviet period were loyal intellectuals who made an academic career; 2) the future leaders of Azerbaijan and Georgia were also university intellectuals, but with political ambitions; 3) ruling intellectuals could not become effective managers, preferring to use the language of nationalism; 4) the history of the early post- Soviet elites actualizes the problems of responsibility and betrayal of intellectuals, because their rule coincided chronologically with the political and economic crisis, as well as ethnic conflicts.
Conclusions. The politicization of intellectual communities has led to negative results, assisting to the marginalization of humanitarian intellectuals in modern consumer societies.
Key concepts:
intellectuals,
intellectual communities,
Transcaucasia,
elites,
nationalism,
betrayal of intellectuals,
responsibility of intellectuals,
ruling intellectuals
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
Gordeev S.S., Zyryanov S.G., Podoprigora A.V. “Path dependence” in developing socio-economic space of the region. Part 2: crisis transformations of the “path dependence” and its consequences for the Chelyabinsk region // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). P. 30—43. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-30-43.
Abstract
In the framework of studying the nature and social consequences of the “path dependence” (sustainable factors, trends and paradigms that have determined the region’s development for a long time), using the technologies of analysis and visualization of spatial development, the authors consider the influence of the institutional, financial and managerial crisis on the prospects for overcoming the formed negative trends - the current “ path dependence “ of the Chelyabinsk region’s development. The analysis makes it possible for the authors to assess the socio-economic situation that has developed over the past decade as stagnation in the region’s self-development, associated with an imbalance in money turnover and an active capital outflow from the real economy. The authors study and reveal close interconnection between crisis phenomena in the economy and the systemic deformation of the region’s institutional environment. One of the reasons for the regional crisis and the formation of a “stagnation rut” is corruption, which over the past decade has become an important institutional factor determining the monopolization of the economy, the erosion of political institutions, the decline in governance and the decline in public and business confidence in government. The authors present a model of the regional corruption evolution from the “market” to the “consensus” (network) form. According to the results of the analysis, the authors propose a number of assessments and solutions that make it possible to overcome the stagnation “rut” through improving and modernizing the institutional environment, the regional management system, as well as more efficient use of the region’s historically developed competitive advantages.
Key concepts:
region,
stagnation,
crisis,
management,
analysis,
visualization,
capital outflow,
institutional environment,
modernization,
corruption
Abdurakhimov Yu.V., Ivanov O.P. Selecting industry priorities for the transition of the old industrial regions of the Urals and Western Siberia to the neo-industrial type of economy (Part 2) // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). C. 44—58. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-44-58.
Abstract
Introduction. The issues of transforming the economy of Russia’s old industrial regions are, and will be of high relevancy for a long time. This is largely due to the objective effect of a powerful factor — technological inertia accumulated over many decades, as well as the existing limited resources to overcome it. Another important factor is the necessity for the economy to transfer to new technologies without reducing the quality of the population’s life in the process of restructuring, in particular, the level of employment and income. The search and analysis of possible options for transforming the economies of Russia’s old industrial regions from the industrial to the post-industrial type is currently both complex and relevant. The Chelyabinsk region can be regarded as one of Russia’s old industrial regions. Currently, the economy of this region is experiencing serious difficulties in its development. This article discusses one of the possible trajectories of the region’s development, focused on a phased transition from an industrial type to a neo-industrial type, which is intermediate on the way to a post-industrial type economy. The aim of the study is to conduct a scientific and methodological justification for selecting priority industry directions for the short and medium term transition of the regions of the Urals and Western Siberia, as exemplified by the Chelyabinsk region, from an industrial type economy to a neo-industrial type economy with a subsequent transition to a post-industrial economy.
Methods. The basic research methodology is a systematic approach to solving the problems of managing the complex systems development. To solve some specific problems, the authors use scientific methods of generalization, grouping, comparative analysis and classification of the results of activities of the Chelyabinsk region’s large enterprises. According to the results of analyzing literary sources, the study is based on the concept of forming a neo-industrial economy as an intermediate stage in the transition of old industrial regions to a post-industrial economy. The study was performed with the help of official statistics on the largest enterprises in the Urals and Western Siberia from 2011 to 2017.
The scientific novelty of the study. According to the results of analyzing the activities of large enterprises in the Chelyabinsk region, which determine the structure of the regional economy, the industry was for the first time classified according to the following criteria: volume of sales and growth in sales volumes. The authors classified industries into four groups that have a different level of significance in terms of the regional economy development prospects and its successful transition to the neoindustrial type. The authors point out a group of priority sectors, the accented development of which can give the maximum useful result in the short and medium term, without straining the situation inthe social sphere during the transition period.
Results. In the context of the financial resources shortage, the results of the study make it possible for the authors to formulate rational strategies for regional development, concentrating available resources in priority industry areas. The proposed approach to solving such problems makes it possible to update the industry structure and make adjustments to the formation of industry development priorities at any time on the basis of the State Statistics Committee data.
Conclusions. The research results presented in the article can be used as a practical tool to solve a number of applied problems of managing the Chelyabinsk region economic development, as well as to study the specifics and priorities of the industrial structure development of the old industrial regions in the future more deeply.
Key concepts:
old industrial regions,
crisis,
economic transformation,
neo-industrialization,
large enterprises,
regional economy,
industry structure,
matrix “share in total sales — growth in sales”,
classification of industries,
industry priorities,
drivers of economic development
Butorina O.S., Tereschuk E.A. Comprehensive analysis of the innovative development dynamics of the Chelyabinsk region // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). P. 59—73. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-59-73.
Abstract
Introduction. The article is focused on a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the regional innovation system development of the Chelyabinsk region in comparison with other Russia’s regions. The aim of the study is to draw up the Chelyabinsk region’s individual profile in dynamics, detailing the results for all innovative development indicators and making it possible to identify the features of the region’s innovative system.
Methods. The analysis of the Chelyabinsk region’s innovative development is based on the methodology — a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the regions’ innovative development proposed in 2010 by the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge (ISSEK) of the Higher School of Economics of the National Research University (NRU HSE). In addition, the authors present the results of analyzing the socio-cultural profile of a number of the Russian Federation’s regions using G. Hofstede’s methodology of VSM-2013. In the research process, the authors used static and dynamic analysis methods, an index method, a graphical method, and a desk research method. The empirical information base of the study is the data from the Federal State Statistics Service, NRU HSE, JSC “Russian Venture Company” (JSC RVC), and secondary sociological data.
The scientific novelty of the study. The ranking of innovative development of the Russian Federation’s constituent entities, published annually by the Higher School of Economics, presents individual regional profiles for a maximum of 2 years. In this study, we compiled an individual profile of the Chelyabinsk region’s innovative development in dynamics over the period from 2008 to 2017 in comparison with the leading regions of the Ural Federal District. The profile of the Chelyabinsk region, in addition to statistical indicators, is also characterized by sociocultural factors of innovative activity.
Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the sub-indexes values of the Chelyabinsk region’s innovative development for the period from 2008 to 2017 showed the sub-indexes relative balance, in contrast to many regions of Russia, where there is an extremely large gap between the ranks according to the Regions’ Innovative Development Ranking and thematic sub-indexes. Almost all Chelyabinsk regions’ sub-indexes have a positive trend, except for the “Innovation Activities” sub-index. In these conditions, the Chelyabinsk region’s innovation policy requires substantial changes: efforts must be directed not only to development, but also to ensure implementing innovative technology products. From the view point of sociocultural factors, the drivers of innovative activity of the Chelyabinsk region’s population can be relatively high values of individualism and a fairly positive attitude to new products. Prospects for the Chelyabinsk region’s innovative development are favorable. The authors underline scientific, technological and innovative orientation of the Chelyabinsk region’s strategy.
Key concepts:
innovation,
innovative development,
Russian regional innovation index,
regional economy,
socio cultural profile
Buryanina O.A. The main trends in state supporting enterprises innovative activities in the regional aspect (as exemplified by the Chelyabinsk region) // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). C. 74—89. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-74-89.
Аbstract
Introduction. The author considers state support for innovative activity, points out the forms of supporting innovative business.
The aim of the study. The article is focused on the problem of improving the methods of state regulation of innovations and supporting innovative enterprises in the Chelyabinsk region.
Methods. The author used economic analytics, a statistical and economic method for collecting and processing indicators of the system of innovative regional development, a comprehensive methodological approach to studying the innovative potential of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and a comparative method for comparing these indicators on average in the Russian Federation, the Ural Federal District and the Chelyabinsk region. The information base for the study was the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service; innovation portal of the Ural Federal District; ratings of innovative regions of Russia developed by the Association of Innovative Regions of Russia, etc.
Scientific novelty of the study. The author considers the problems of innovative enterprises development; modern mechanisms to support the innovation activities of enterprises in the Chelyabinsk region in terms of their effectiveness; the author also analyzes experience of promising innovative regions and evaluates the possibilities of applying this experience in the region.
Results. The article outlines the problems that exist in the state regulation of innovation. The actions of state support and stimulation of innovative entrepreneurship are also described and considered as exemplified by the Chelyabinsk region, and the indicators of innovative development of the Chelyabinsk region’s enterprises are compared with other regions of the Ural Federal District over the period of 2005—2018.
Conclusions. On the basis of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the organizational mechanism for regulating innovative activities at the level of the Chelyabinsk region, in the field of tax and financial support for innovative enterprises, and the development of innovative infrastructure. Relevant conclusions are presented on the basis of the facts and the study on the innovative activity development in the Chelyabinsk region.
Key concepts:
innovative enterprises,
state support mechanisms,
technological innovations,
innovative infrastructure,
tax advantages
CULTURE
Tillmanns M. How doing Philosophy with Children enhances Proprioception of Thinking and Emotional Intelligence // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). P. 90—95. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-90-95.
Abstract
The article is a more detailed consideration of the problems that were outlined in the first part of this study, “The Application of the Proprioception of Thinking in Doing Philosophy with Children” (Socium and Power, 2019, no. 4). This time, the author pays attention to the characterization of thinking as a process in the practice of philosophizing with children, justifying the effectiveness of this practice, which forms the awareness of actions and develops emotional intelligence. The author contrasts static abstract thinking with the dynamics of a tacit concrete process of thought. Philosophizing with children in a dialogue form completely engages in the thought process, focuses on the very thinking, which is constantly developing taking into account different points of view, is complicated and deepens the understanding on an emotional level.
Key concepts:
philosophy with children
proprioception
sensual and rational,
abstract thinking vs. implicit concrete thought
process,
emotional intelligence
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: СТАТЬЯ ОПУБЛИКОВАНА НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Tillmanns M. How doing Philosophy with Children enhances Proprioception of Thinking and Emotional Intelligence // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). P. 96—103. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-96-103.
Abstract
The article is a more detailed consideration of the problems that were outlined in the first part of this study, “The Application of the Proprioception of Thinking in Doing Philosophy with Children” (Socium and Power, 2019, no. 4). This time, the author pays attention to the characterization of thinking as a process in the practice of philosophizing with children, justifying the effectiveness of this practice, which forms the awareness of actions and develops emotional intelligence. The author contrasts static abstract thinking with the dynamics of a tacit concrete process of thought. Philosophizing with children in a dialogue form completely engages in the thought process, focuses on the very thinking, which is constantly developing taking into account different points of view, is complicated and deepens the understanding on an emotional level.
Key concepts:
philosophy with children
proprioception
sensual and rational,
abstract thinking vs. implicit concrete thought
process,
emotional intelligence
Dyadyk N.G. Conceptual art as a way of philosophizing: painting instead of philosophy // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). C. 104—115. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-104-115.
Abstract
Introduction. The article is focused on studying the intersection of contemporary art and philosophy. Contemporary art is a polymorphic formation, within which there are many individual styles and directions, however, this diversity always has a certain philosophy of art. The philosophy of modern art consists in rejecting the development of traditional artistic methods and techniques. The work of art becomes an object of intellectual knowledge, and not aesthetic perception. The cognitive function of art becomes a priority, and art in general and conceptual art in particular, become ways of knowing the world, which is of interest for philosophical reflection. The aim of the study is to make a philosophical analysis of conceptual art in order to identify its philosophical sources and content.
Methods. General scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction. When analyzing the works of conceptual art, we used hermeneutic and phenomenological methods, a semiotic approach.
Scientific novelty of the study. Conceptual art is seen as a form of philosophizing. It was revealed that in the works of conceptual artists, an idea is more important than its artistic embodiment, an idea, that is, a concept, in itself can be a work of art. Moreover, the concepts of artists are similar to the concepts of philosophers, since the goal of both is to know the world and grasp life. We understand conceptualism in art not only as a direction of avant-garde art of the 1960-1970s, with the goal of intellectual understanding of the art object, but also the main directions of avant-garde art of the 20th and 21st centuries from abstract art to pop art, we understand as conceptual, because their basis is the idea of the artist, immersing the recipient in a state of philosophical reflection.
Results. In the course of the study, conceptualism was considered as a philosophy of modern art; on the other hand, the philosophical sources of conceptualism itself were identified: postmodern philosophical consciousness, existentialism, psychoanalysis and the philosophy of language.
Conclusions. Conceptual art is a visual form of philosophical questioning about the essence of art itself, existence, about the world as a whole. Ontological uncertainty, actualizing the personal existential and cultural experience of the recipient, is one of the main conditions for philosophizing in the perception of conceptual art. The works of conceptual artists are based on philosophical problems: meaning, correlation of conscious and unconscious, rational and irrational, problems of a person’s abandonment and loneliness, the problem of “the author’s death” and alienation of the creator from his work, the idea of the impossibility of objective knowledge of reality.
Key concepts:
conceptual art,
avant-garde,
simulacrum,
true,
ontological uncertainty
HISTORY
Nekhamkin V.A. The theory structure in modern historical knowledge (as exemplified by the concepts of the causes of the Red Army defeat in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War): philosophical and methodological analysis // Socium i vlast’. 2020. № 1 (81). C. 116—127. DOI: 10.22394/1996-0522-2020-1-116-127.
Abstract
Introduction. The article considers some particular concepts of the causes of the Red Army defeat in 1941, which have been formed in the historiography of the USSR, Russia and beyond since the 20th century until now. These theories are studied as varieties of I. Lakatos’s research programs, which have some basic concepts (“solid core”) and consisting of the hypotheses “protective belt”. The author points out heuristic potential of each concept, its strengths and weaknesses in the methodological aspect.
The aim of the study is to consider the concepts of the causes of the Red Army defeats in 1941 in modern historiography on the basis of the model of I. Lakatos’s research programs; compare these theoretical constructs with each other.
Methods The author uses the following general scientific methods in the study: modeling, structuralfunctional, systemic and comparative analysis. The model of I. Lakatos’s research program is applied. As a means of cognition, counterfactual modeling of the past is involved.
The scientific novelty of the study. The author studies the concepts of the causes of the Red Army defeat in 1941 on the basis of the model of I. Lakatos’s research program. The author reconstructs the “solid core” concept or basic concepts of these theories, the “protective belt” and its hypotheses and analyzes the structure of both the official doctrine of the “treacherous attack” and alternative theoretical constructions. Comparing the concepts makes it possible for the author to see the relationship of their “solid core” and “protective belt”.
Results. In modern historiography, a number of theories of the Red Army defeat in 1941 are revealed: the official doctrine of “treacherous attack”, “preemptive strike”, mental, “conscious defeat”, economic-mental. These theoretical constructions act as opposites of each other in the worldview and ideology. However, theoretical and methodological analysis and comparison of these concepts made it possible to state that there is a common methodological basis for each of them. This is a set of basic provisions and a “protective belt” consisting of hypotheses. A complex set of interactions is revealed between these elements in each theoretical construction. The positive role of mutual criticism of theories as a means of obstructing the dogmatism of knowledge is noted.
Conclusions. The concepts of the Red Army defeat in the summer of 1941 are only looking for common ground. The thesis confirms the fact of continuity of some basic provisions in each of them. The theories have a strong element of conspiracy theology. Hypotheses from the “protective belt” are often formed on the basis of the universal quantifier. This casts doubt on their truth in the case of empirical tests. Causal relationships are not always reasonably extrapolated from one period of the past to another. An exaggeration of I.V. Stalin’s role in the events. These theories demonstrate pluralism of positions on the issue under discussion. The analysis showed that these concepts need further theoretical and methodological improvement. It is noteworthy that the model of I. Lakatos’s research program, created mainly on the examples from the natural sciences, also works in the humanities.
Key concepts:
research program,
“protective belt”,
“solid core”,
concepts of the causes of the Red Army defeat in
1941,
theory
